Even parsley and dill can be affected by this common disease of plants, fusarium. Mushroom spores attach to the surface of ears of corn, leaves, and petals in buds. Indoor flowers can also get sick, although such cases are less common. Disputes spread with the wind. Accordingly, at any time they can fly into an open window.
Fusarium mushroom family
The juice of plants is needed for this fungus to reproduce. Gradually, only one of the species connected by symbiotic bonds begins to grab life force. The causative agent of fusarium is Fusarium (Fusarium). More precisely, one of its varieties, of which there are many in nature. All of them belong to this family, have a similar structure and life cycle. This allows you to treat plants without prior diagnosis in the laboratory. Knowing the main symptoms, you can purchase a drug that will help. It doesn’t matter about parsley, violets or zucchini, cucumbers, cherries, gladioli or lawn grass. Cabbage and broccoli, even sunflower, can also become ill.
Representatives of the family are considered to be a class of imperfect fungi, the genus mold. One of the features of asexual reproduction. This explains the rate of development of the population. A fungus can infect a field in a few months, not just a bed.
In most Fusariums, spores are synthesized, which ensures survival. They can remain in the soil for years. Resistant to significant changes in temperature in the environment. The owner will leave the bed for several years for restoration, and as soon as he planted something, he will see the mycelium on the sprouts. At the first sign, treatment should begin.
It is a danger to life and health of humans and animals.
The fungus sometimes attacks the roots, in other cases the stems and foliage. It also happens that it penetrates into grains, root crops. In the process of life, it produces toxins that accumulate in plant cells - mycotoxins, vomitoxin, zearalenone and others. If a person who has poisoned the product is eaten by a person, a dangerous condition develops, fusariotoxicosis (acute alimentary mycotoxicosis).
The first cases were recorded, studied in 1932. And today there is a threat.
Fusariums are a common type of imperfect mushroom. They are found in different parts of the world. Some species parasitize on insects. Not mycotoxins are dangerous in this case. Also, if a person has weakened immunity, has wounds or cuts, spores can provoke dermatitis. Plant treatment should be carried out with gloves, a respiratory mask.
Symptoms of Fusarium
Withering of stems and foliage of potatoes or pumpkins, grapes, poor condition of indoor flowers is the first sign of problems. It is easy not to pay due attention to this. The reason that the foliage wilted may be a cooling, an unsuitable soil, a change in the irrigation system and even the use of another type of water, a new fertilizer.
Violation of basic vital functions
The condition of infected orchids, tomatoes, zucchini soon improves. The immune system begins to fight the parasitic fungus. A few more days pass and the symptoms appear again, with greater force. Spores have already penetrated into the cells, begin to absorb cytoplasmic fluid. Violated:
- tissue regeneration;
- moisture exchange;
- mineral metabolism;
- photosynthesis.
In addition, harmful substances begin to accumulate in the plant. In strawberries, they can be found in sorrel leaves, in cherries and cherries, in potatoes and plums. The population of the fungus is increasing. White, pink, lilac or brown plaque of mycelium appears (the color depends on the variety of Fusarium).
In places of penetration of spores, spots with improper pigmentation may appear. It is by these signs that the disease is determined. Immunity does not cope. There is no natural defense. The plant cannot develop an antidote, substances toxic to the fungus. Cells similar to macrophages of the human body have not been synthesized. Volatile, which change the properties of the air around the seedling, also did not help. Fusarium and coniferous, thuja, pine, spruce. Although they synthesize volatile in much larger quantities than other species.
Signs of illness in trees, shrubs, herbs and houseplants
Signs of onion fusarium are rotting bulbs and withering of the aerial parts. Since it grows relatively quickly, a noticeable difference in the dimensions of healthy plants and those infected with the fungus. The feathers have yellow tips, many of them dry out.
The trees and shrubs show withering branches, and inside them brown spots are noticeable: a dark circle of irregular shape or dots, interspersed. This is a population of fungus. If there is a microscope, you can see the "enemy" who paid a visit to the garden.
In cereals, wheat, buckwheat, rice, seeds are ground, leaves are withering. Ears of barley, millet, oats turn into a fancy canvas on the artist’s easel, a kind of graffiti. It was as if someone had sprayed them with spray paint.
Indoor plants on the leaves appear spots of irregular shape with altered pigmentation. Most often they are yellow. The stems become thinner. Putrid areas appear in some places.
Treatment of Fusarium in Garden Plants
Most of the drugs that are used to treat fusarium cucumbers, carrots, strawberries, can also be used for prevention. Bad weather, damp, cloudy days, cold weather are favorable conditions for the microorganism. Disputes manage to cause harm to the plant, the process of their spread through the blood vessels begins, if:
- his immunity is initially weakened by improper watering, nutrition;
- if branches, foliage were damaged;
- when preventive spraying was not carried out.
It is important to follow the rules for the care of seedlings and mature plants.
Universal drugs
The fungicide Alirin-B protects against a wide variety of fungal infections. This disease is also among them. This biological product is harmless to plants, humans, animals. Suitable for both garden crops and indoor. Watering the soil before planting seedlings, sowing seeds, spraying before flowering is the key to success. Many other fungicides have proven themselves. Their versatility allows you not to spend a lot of money on protecting plants from common diseases.
Also, to neutralize spores in the soil, chalk and dolomite flour are used. Adverse conditions are created. It’s worth using these tools when the problem has already been fixed so that next year you don’t have to treat vegetables, flowers, trees, lawn grass again.
How to act upon detecting signs of Fusarium
If infected plants are detected, it is necessary:
- cut off damaged parts;
- burn them;
- treat the cut points with a solution of potassium permanganate, ash or sulfur;
- annual plants and badly damaged can be uprooted and burned.
It is not worth eating fruits in which toxins produced by the fungus could accumulate, its spores remained.
Even if they look good, there are no guarantees. The goal of treating Fusarium infection is to save those crops that can yield crops next year. To completely renew the garden, the vegetable garden, the list of cultivated varieties is not a joyful prospect, a very real threat.
Treatment of fusarium in indoor plants
A houseplant infected with Fusariums should be removed first from the flowerpot. Clear the remaining soil roots. Then rinse with water at room temperature. Affected eyelids, leaves, bulbs must be cut and discarded. Rinse the flower again, sprinkle the cut with activated charcoal. After this, transplant into another flowerpot.
Old soil needs to be frozen and calcined. This is the best way to get rid of the pathogen. It is resistant to frost, heat, but with their prolonged influence, the lowest and highest temperatures, it dies. Treatment with fungicidal solution is an additional measure, accident insurance. New soil after transplantation, to ensure protection of the root system, should also be treated with a fungicidal agent. In addition, it is necessary to spray the aerial parts.
Time will tell if the flower will survive. It is better to sprout cuttings, new seedlings, and move it to another room, ensuring optimal conditions in a new place. Seedlings can also be transferred so that the chance for the Fusarium is not left to infect neighboring flowers.
The use of Fusariums in pharmaceuticals
From the mushrooms of the Fusarium family there are a lot of losses, harm. There is a benefit. They are needed for the manufacture of medicines. So fusarium sambucinum mushroom (Fusarium sambucinum) is used to produce capsules that strengthen human immunity.
The strains of this fungus, biomass and fluid, are used in cosmetology.
A high level of protein, a variety of biologically active substances are the main advantages.
The substance is also added to feed for farm animals. It is present in some plant growth stimulants.
Its positive qualities should not be misleading. This mushroom of the Fusarium family is an exception to the rule.
